An important method that we used to keep stakeholders involved during the full process was co-creation. In these co-creation sessions, we invited specific stakeholders to brainstorm at different stages in the design process. By using co-creation, we made sure that the design would fit the context of ARTIS. 

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The second co-creation session was organized when the decision on the waste stream was made. In this session, elephant manure was taken as a starting point. Together with the case owner, we did an extensive ideation session to explore different possibilities for recycling elephant manure. We used this session to diverge and come up with as many applications for the material as possible. First, we came up with different directions, such as using elephant manure for composting, making composites, textile or paper. After this first round, we looked for opportunities to apply the new material in the park. Elephant manure turned out as a very versatile material. This co-creation gave us a good understanding of the possible directions we could go into using elephant manure.