Pampus

a living lab case on a world heritage island

In september 2019, the AMS Institute and Pampus Island joined forces in their shared vision of contributing to the sustainability transition arising from the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Pampus, being UNESCO-world heritage, is hereby raising the bar for other UNESCO-sites to follow in this transition. The case an AMS graduate team has been working on, in the format of an urban Living Lab, is related to Pampus its wastewater treatment: "How can Pampus become self-sufficient with a synergy between the production of drinking water, energy generation and sewage treatment?"

co-creation as a driver

As illustrated in the process below, there are two different ways to shape a decision making process to find a suitable solution for the challenge at hand. On the one hand, it is possible to look from a purely technical point of view to which a solution is required, and then to see whether this corresponds to the wishes of various stakeholders or not. On the other hand, as executed during this Living Lab, there is the possibility to arrive at the most desirable technical solution based on the wishes of different stakeholders. As a result, we make Pampus more sustainable together!

Anchor 1

exploring pampus

Anchor 2

View on Pampus. The fortress island is 205 meters long and 164 meters wide. The pavilion, in front, is covered with 70 solar panels. The power they generate is stored in second-hand batteries, formerly used in cars. In the coming years, a new sustainable paviljon will be constructed.

Pampus is constructed between 1887 and 1895 on a former sandbank, and founded on 3852 wooden piles, each 11 meters long.

Harbour of Pampus. Pampus is only accessible by boat, departing from Muiden and IJburg. In the future, a sustainable electric boat will be used for transportation. Pampus is open from April to October. Passers-by can moor their boat in the harbour during opening hours.

Pampus is used as a test location. At this moment, it has been made possible to purify surface water of the IJ lake to drinking water quality by a combination of nanofiltration and UV light, the system removes bacteria, viruses, colors, smell, metals and salts.

Drinking water is transported by boat. There are no cables or pipe connections between Pampus and the mainland. Toilets are flushed with groundwater.

The ditch of Pampus, which was once an extra protection layer against enemy attacks.The fort is never used for what it was built. Pampus was strategically located in the IJ-lake ‘in front’ of Amsterdam, however when military aviation became common, the protective character of fortress island was lost.

Within the old fortress and the ditch, a permanent exhibition shows the whole Stelling van Amsterdam (Amsterdam Defense Line), consisting of 45 fortresses.

In addition to the permanent exhibition, rooms in the fortress can also be used for private activities e.g. dinners, parties and others.

The fortress guard house, where the fort guards stays during shifts of multiple days, and the vegetable garden of Pampus, of which the harvest is used for the paviljon.

Pampus could be self-sufficient in the past for two months, partly due to this old water filtration system. This tank was filled with fine gravel by a layer of sharp river sand, what filtered the rain water. In the future, Pampus wants to be self-sufficient again in water and energy, to contemporary standards. Transforming water from the IJlake into drinking water, treating wastewater, the future use of electric transport, extra solar panels and a windmill should all contribute to the self-sufficiency of Pampus!

Anchor 3

Click on the image to enlarge

the process

The process of the living lab showed the importance of co-creation. The coherence between case owners, stakeholders and the Living Lab team has resulted in promising expectations for the future of Pampus. The first co-creation session provided the input for defining the core wishes of stakeholders, and the surveys amongst stakeholders and experts resulted in the necessary data to rank possible (combinations of) systems that will deal with the challenge of treating sewage on the island of Pampus to varying extents.

brainstorm session

Anchor 4

On wednesday January 8, Living Lab Pampus organized a co-creation session with 13 stakeholders related to Pampus.The afternoon started with a brief introduction of the planning and outline of the session.

The director of the Pampus foundation, Tom van Nouhuys, contributed to the session by giving a presentation about the historical and present use, and future vision of Pampus.

The attendees were asked to fill in a mental map exercise on paper where their personal relation lies with the island Pampus, as well as their personal opinion on positive and negative aspects of the island, and their ideas on handling wastewater.

Pampus stakeholders consisted of people from the catering (paviljon), installation technology, maintenance, cultural history (guides), board (director) and experts of water purification.

From the answers and ideas of handling wastewater on these mental maps, three main themes were composed: purifying wastewater, splitting wastewater and wastewater as raw material. The groups rotated between three different tables (each table had one theme), and could build upon each others ideas.

The groups rotated between the tables and could build upon each others ideas.
At the end of the first session, the ideas were clustered by overlapping characteristics.

Pros and cons of the ideas and overarching clusters were made in the second round. The next step was to create assessment criteria for the ideas which can be used in a decision model.

At last, the attendees could indicate the most important assessment criteria under their expertise and opinion by placing colored stickers on two of the criteria.

The afternoon was concluded by a short presentation of the results and an explanation of following steps. Everyone was very enthusiastic and found the session very useful for contributing to the goal of realising a self-sufficient wastewater solution on Pampus!

All stakeholders created a high number of ideas, which were summarized into five core wishes which the future solution(s) in wastewater treatment on Pampus must meet. The solution must be maintenance-friendly, have a cultural-historical connection, have interactive value to the visitors, have a positive influence on nature, and be scalable if expansion of the system is required in the future.

Anchor 5

Solution For Pampus

From the technical perspective it showed that when the calculated treatment performances of the system combinations were compared to the maximum permitted values of the chemical elements and organic matter, the combination of an Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR) in combination with a vertical helophyte filter practically meets the requirements of maximum permitted values in discharge water stated by Waternet, followed by the combination of the ABR combined with an algae reactor.

From a stakeholder perspective the Imhoff tank in combination with an Algae Reactor accords to the wishes of the stakeholders the best, followed by an ABR with an Algae Reactor.

Due to the on the one hand very small optical differences between an ABR and an Imhoff tank, and on the other hand the higher performance of the ABR, the choice for best applicable system combination on the island resulted to be the ABR with Algae Reactor.

Nederlands

English

algae for pampus

On the left image, you find a practicum manual for an experiment that can be executed by elementary school children. This manual explains how the wastewater treatment plant on the island Pampus works, by performing small experiments with surface water. These experiments can be done in a classroom or in the field. This way the children learn in a practical and visual way how wastewater treatment plants work in general and give them a feeling of the (innovative) techniques that are used today.

Click on the image to enlarge

Decision strategy

Within this Living Lab, a decision on a technical challenge is made by stakeholders with as well as without a technical background, for example the cook of the restaurant. On Pampus, the decision had to be made which wastewater treatment plant fits the needs and wishes of stakeholders the best. This has be done in five steps that are explained in the image on the left. Following those five steps helps you make a technical decision with your stakeholders. After gathering the stakeholder wishes and expert input, you can conclude on a last co-creation session with the stakeholders to finalize and discuss the decision that needs to be made.

The goal of the planned second co-creation session was to define the final combination of solutions.

In this second co-creation session the stakeholders would have discussed the possibilities and via tools and some guidelines decide which systems would be implemented on Pampus. Due to the COVID-19 outbreak, this was sadly not possible to achieve, and therefore we decided to find the best solution for the island Pampus with the information and knowledge available to us. We are sure that our approach causes the best wastewater treatment system on Pampus, as the solutions is supported by stakeholders and experts. We have documented and visualised this process so it can be used or be helpful as an example for other Living Labs or projects.

sustainable development

The brainstorm session resulted in a set of shared values of the group. These values then can be used as goals for sustainable development. Each of the goals were translated into measurable indicators in order to be able to track progress. Every next technical solution that takes place on Pampus, can be trusted to be suitable if measured against these common goals.